7 Most Common Ultrasound Probe & Transducers Types

August 2, 2024

The ultrasound testing machine cannot work properly without probes or transducers. Ultrasound probes are basically instruments that generate sound waves to receive echoes from tissues and organs. These echoes are then captured and converted into images that healthcare professionals use for diagnosis and assessment.

There are different types of ultrasound probes available, each designed for its specific application. For example, linear transducer probes are used for peripheral or vascular imaging, while curved array probes are best for abdominal scans.

Understanding the functions and characteristics of each probe is crucial for optimizing imaging quality and accurate diagnosis. Let's explore the 7 most common types of ultrasound transducers and tips for purchasing the best ultrasound probe for your practice.

What are Probes?

Ultrasound probes, or transducers, are advanced devices that generate reverberation by reflecting sound waves off various body tissues. They also capture these echoes, which a computer interprets to produce a high-quality image known as a sonogram.

The piezoelectric crystal is a crucial component in every ultrasound transducer, responsible for both receiving and producing ultrasound waves. A few years ago, a new crystal material was integrated into the ultrasound system to enhance image quality significantly.

Different Types of Ultrasound Transducer Types

Ultrasound transducer probes vary in size, shape, and function. They also differ in frequency, range, diagnosis type, and other specialties. Before purchasing an ultrasound transducer, let’s learn about types of ultrasound transducer probes and their features:

1- Linear Ultrasound Probes

Linear probe ultrasound features a linear transducer, distinguished by its linear piezoelectric crystal. This technology produces a high-quality rectangular beam, enabling impressive near-field resolution that is particularly beneficial for applications demanding high-quality imaging.

Key characteristics of linear ultrasound probes include:

Operating Frequency: 2D linear ultrasound probes have a 2.5 MHz to 12 MHz frequency, while 3D probes have a 7.5 MHz to 11 MHz frequency range.
Targeted Applications: Used in clinical practices for breast and vascular imaging.

2- Convex Ultrasound Probes

Convex ultrasound probes, often referred to as curvilinear probes, feature a curvilinear arrangement of piezoelectric crystals. This unique design allows for effective imaging of deep organs.

Key characteristics of convex probes include:

Wide Footprint: This design enhances the imaging coverage area.
High-Quality 3D Images: Convex probes provide detailed imaging at a central frequency range of 3.5 to 6.5 MHz.
2D Probe Availability: Convex transducers, operating at a 2.5 to 7.5 MHz central frequency, are also available as 2D probes.

3- Phased Array Ultrasound Probes

A phased array ultrasound probe features crystals arranged in a stacked configuration, which enables it to emit a narrow triangular beam. However, its near-field resolution is relatively lower compared to other probe types.

Key characteristics of phased array probes include:

Small Footprint: Designed for ease of use in various settings.
Operating Frequency: Typically functions within the central frequency range of 2 MHz to 6 MHz.
Targeted Applications: Used for transcranial and cardiac examinations, earning it the designation of the cardiac ultrasound probe.

4- Pencil Ultrasound Probes

Pencil ultrasound probes, also known as needle or small footprint probes, are designed for specific applications that require precision and accuracy. These probes feature a slim, elongated design, which allows them to navigate tight spaces and perform targeted imaging.

Key characteristics of pencil ultrasound probes include:

Compact Design: Their slender shape enhances maneuverability in confined anatomical areas.
High Frequency: Operates in 2 MHz to 8 MHz range
Targeted Applications: Frequently used in vascular imaging, musculoskeletal assessments, and interventional procedures

5- Endocavitary Ultrasound Probes

Endocavitary ultrasound probes are specifically designed for imaging within body cavities, providing exceptional detail where standard external probes may fall short. These specialized probes are particularly beneficial in gynecological and urological examinations.

Key characteristics of endocavitary probes include:

Customized Design: Their adaptable shapes and sizes allow optimal placement within different cavities, enhancing accessibility and comfort.
High Frequency Range: These devices typically operate between 5 and 10 MHz. However, the frequency may change according to type. For example, an endovaginal probe operates within a 3.5 to 11.5 MHz frequency range.
Targeted Applications: Commonly employed in the assessment of pelvic organs, such as the uterus and ovaries, as well as the prostate gland

6- Volume Ultrasound Transducer

Volume ultrasound transducers are designed to capture three-dimensional images by emitting a series of ultrasound pulses over a wide area. This technology is particularly useful in providing comprehensive views of complex structures and is often used in obstetric imaging.

Key features of volume ultrasound transducers include:

3D Imaging Capability: They offer the ability to create volumetric datasets that can be manipulated and viewed from various angles.
Frequency Range: Typically operates between 2 and 8 MHz, depending on the specific application.
Targeted Applications: Used as OB/GYN imager and cardiac transducer.

7- Transesophageal Echo Transducers

Transesophageal echo (TEE) transducers are specialized tools designed to obtain high-resolution heart images by positioning the transducer within the esophagus. This approach allows for closer proximity to cardiac structures, resulting in superior image clarity compared to transthoracic methods.

Key characteristics of transesophageal echo transducers include:

Invasive Design: Their unique placement provides detailed views of heart chambers and valves, essential for accurate diagnoses.
Operating Frequency: Typically functioning within 3 MHz to 7 MHz, facilitating high-resolution imaging.
Targeted Applications: Diagnosis of valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, and other cardiovascular pathologies.

Tips to Follow While Purchasing an Ultrasound Probe

Make sure to follow these tips while purchasing an ultrasonic probe.

Double-check your system's compatibility with the ultrasound probe you want to buy.
Lower frequency probes (in the range of 2.5MHz to 7.5MHz) are helpful for deeper penetration, but such probes will give low-quality imaging. However, penetration power will be less if the frequency is higher for better imaging.
The black line on the ultrasound system screen depicts that the transducer’s crystal is dead.
The presence of weak crystals inside the probe can be evaluated by the shadow on the screen.

How to Hold an Ultrasound Probe?

Proper ultrasound probe technique is crucial for obtaining clear and accurate images during examinations. Below are essential tips for effectively holding and positioning the probe:

Grip: Maintain a relaxed yet secure grip on the probe. This balance helps reduce hand fatigue and enables smooth movements, vital for accurate imaging.
Angle: Adjust the probe's angle to align with the examined anatomical structure. This may necessitate tilting, rotating, or angling the probe to enhance visibility and capture the best possible images.
Stability: If needed, use your non-dominant hand to stabilize the patient. Gently placing your hand on the patient's body can help minimize movement during the examination, ensuring clearer results.
Pressure: When moving the probe, apply light, even pressure. Excessive force can cause discomfort to the patient and compromise image quality, so aim for a gentle touch.
Movement: Move the probe systematically to cover the area of interest. Depending on the examination requirements, this can be achieved through linear sweeps or small circular motions.

By following these guidelines, healthcare professionals can enhance the quality of ultrasound imaging and improve patient comfort during examinations. Visit: Different Ultrasound Probe Types by Heart Medical.

Concluding Remarks!

Clinicals and experts should rely on reliable, durable ultrasound probes for accurate patient assessment. At Heart Medical, we deliver cost-effective, reliable medical tools to empower medical experts to examine patients. We have an array of ultrasound transducers from well-reputed brands like GE, Mindray, Philips, and Siemens.

Visit: philips ultrasound probes to explore our extensive collection of ultrasound probes that meet the diverse needs of healthcare professionals.

FAQs

What are the different types of ultrasonic probes?

Ultrasonic probes can be classified into several types based on design and application. Some common types include:

Single Element Probes
Array Probes
Contact Probes
Angle Beam Probes
Delay Line Probes
Dual Element Probes
Focused and Unfocused Probes

What is the difference between linear and convex probes?

Linear and convex probes differ primarily in the arrangement of their piezoelectric elements. The linear probe has a linear arrangement of crystals, while the convex has a curvilinear array of crystals. Moreover, linear probes are commonly used for imaging superficial structures and in vascular studies, and convex probes are often used in abdominal and obstetric ultrasound exams.

What is the frequency of probes?

The frequency of ultrasonic probes varies depending on the application. Probes can range from 1 MHz to 15 MHz and above. Lower frequencies penetrate deeper into tissues or materials but have lower resolution, making them suitable for imaging deep structures. Higher frequencies provide better resolution but less penetration, which is ideal for superficial structures and detailed inspections.